IRGASON Integrated CO2 and H2O Open-Path Gas Analyzer and 3-D Sonic Anemometer
Patented Design
Gas analyzer and sonic anemometer in one sensor
weather applications supported water applications supported energy applications supported gas flux & turbulence applications supported infrastructure applications supported soil applications supported

Overview

Campbell Scientific’s IRGASON® fully integrates the open-path analyzer and sonic anemometer. Designed specifically for eddy-covariance carbon and water flux measurements, the patented design is easier to install and use than separate sensors and provides increased measurement accuracy. The IRGASON® simultaneously measures absolute carbon dioxide and water vapor, air temperature, barometric pressure, three-dimensional wind speed, and sonic air temperature. U.S. patent D680455

For more information about the benefits of having a colocated measurement, refer to the poster "Improved eddy flux measurements by open-path gas analyzer and sonic anemometer co-location."

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Benefits and Features

  • New conformal coating helps protect sonic transducers in corrosive environments
  • Combined support structure causes less flow distortion than two separate sensors
  • Truly colocated gas analyzer and sonic anemometer measurements avoid flux loss due to sensor separation
  • Synchronized gas analyzer and sonic anemometer measurements avoid the need to correct for time lag
  • Low power consumption; suitable for solar power applications
  • Measurements are temperature compensated without active heat control
  • Low noise
  • Maximum output rate of 60 Hz with 20 Hz bandwidth
  • Angled windows shed water and are tolerant to window contamination
  • Field rugged
  • Field serviceable
  • Factory calibrated over wide range of CO2, H2O, pressure, and temperature in all combinations encountered in practice
  • Extensive set of diagnostic parameters
  • Fully compatible with Campbell Scientific dataloggers; field setup, configuration, and field zero and span can be accomplished directly from the datalogger
  • Sonic temperature determined from three acoustic paths; corrected for crosswind effects
  • Innovative signal processing and transducer wicks considerably improve performance of the anemometer during precipitation events

Images

Technical Description

The IRGASON® has the following outputs:

  • Ux (m/s)
  • Uy (m/s)
  • Uz (m/s)
  • Sonic Temperature (°C)
  • Sonic Diagnostic
  • CO2 Density (mg/m3)
  • H2O Density (g/m3)
  • Gas Analyzer Diagnostic
  • Ambient Temperature (°C)
  • Atmospheric Pressure (kPa)
  • CO2 Signal Strength
  • H2O Signal Strength
  • Source Temperature (°C)

Specifications

Patent U.S. Patent No. D680455
Operating Temperature Range -30° to +50°C
Calibrated Pressure Range 70 to 106 kPa
Input Voltage Range 10 to 16 Vdc
Power 5 W (steady state and power up) at 25°C
Measurement Rate 60 Hz
Output Bandwidth 5, 10, 12.5, or 20 Hz (user-programmable)
Output Options SDM, RS-485, USB, analog (CO2 and H2O only)
Auxiliary Inputs Air temperature and pressure
Warranty 3 years or 17,500 hours of operation (whichever comes first)
Cable Length 3 m (10 ft) from IRGASON® to EC100
Weight
  • 3.2 kg (7.1 lb) for EC100 electronics
  • 2.8 kg (6.1 lb) for IRGASON® head and cables

Gas Analyzer
Path Length 15.37 cm (6.05 in.)
A temperature of 20°C and pressure of 101.325 kPa was used to convert mass density to concentration.

Gas Analyzer - CO2 Performance
-NOTE- A temperature of 20°C and pressure of 101.325 kPa was used to convert mass density to concentration.
Accuracy
  • Assumes the following: the gas analyzer was properly zero and spanned using the appropriate standards; CO2 span concentration was 400 ppm; H2O span dewpoint was at 12°C (16.7 ppt); zero/span temperature was 25°C; zero/span pressure was 84 kPa; subsequent measurements made at or near the span concentration; temperature is not more than ±6°C from the zero/span temperature; and ambient temperature is within the gas analyzer operating temperature range.
  • 1% (standard deviation of calibration residuals)
Precision RMS (maximum) 0.2 mg/m3 (0.15 μmol/mol)

Nominal conditions for precision verification test: 25°C, 86 kPa, 400 μmol/mol CO2, 12°C dewpoint, and 20 Hz bandwidth.
Calibrated Range 0 to 1,000 μmol/mol (0 to 3,000 μmol/mol available upon request.)
Zero Drift with Temperature (maximum) ±0.55 mg/m3/°C (±0.3 μmol/mol/°C)
Gain Drift with Temperature (maximum) ±0.1% of reading/°C
Cross Sensitivity (maximum) ±1.1 x 10-4 mol CO2/mol H2O

Gas Analyzer - H2O Performance
-NOTE- A temperature of 20°C and pressure of 101.325 kPa was used to convert mass density to concentration.
Accuracy
  • Assumes the following: the gas analyzer was properly zero and spanned using the appropriate standards; CO2 span concentration was 400 ppm; H2O span dewpoint was at 12°C (16.7 ppt); zero/span temperature was 25°C; zero/span pressure was 84 kPa; subsequent measurements made at or near the span concentration; temperature is not more than ±6°C from the zero/span temperature; and ambient temperature is within the gas analyzer operating temperature range.
  • 2% (standard deviation of calibration residuals)
Precision RMS (maximum) 0.004 g/m3 (0.006 mmol/mol)

Nominal conditions for precision verification test: 25°C, 86 kPa, 400 μmol/mol CO2, 12°C dewpoint, and 20 Hz bandwidth.
Calibrated Range 0 to 72 mmol/mol (38°C dewpoint)
Zero Drift with Temperature (maximum) ±0.037 g/m3/°C (±0.05 mmol/mol/°C)
Gain Drift with Temperature (maximum) ±0.3% of reading/°C
Cross Sensitivity (maximum) ±0.1 mol H2O/mol CO2

Sonic Anemometer - Accuracy
-NOTE- The accuracy specification for the sonic anemometer is for wind speeds < 30 m s-1 and wind angles between ±170°.
Offset Error
  • < ±8.0 cm s-1 (for ux, uy)
  • < ±4.0 cm s-1 (for uz)
  • ±0.7° while horizontal wind at 1 m s-1 (for wind direction)
Gain Error
  • < ±2% of reading (for wind vector within ±5° of horizontal)
  • < ±3% of reading (for wind vector within ±10° of horizontal)
  • < ±6% of reading (for wind vector within ±20° of horizontal)
Measurement Precision RMS
  • 1 mm s-1 (for ux, uy)
  • 0.5 mm s-1 (for uz)
  • 0.025°C (for sonic temperature)
  • 0.6° (for wind direction)
Speed of Sound Determined from 3 acoustic paths (corrected for crosswind effects)
Rain Innovative signal processing and transducer wicks considerably improve performance of the anemometer during precipitation events.

Basic Barometer (option -BB)
Total Accuracy
  • ±3.7 kPa at -30°C, falling linearly to ±1.5 kPa at 0°C (-30° to 0°C)
  • ±1.5 kPa (0° to 50°C)
Measurement Rate 10 Hz

Enhanced Barometer (option -EB)
Manufacturer Vaisala PTB110
Total Accuracy ±0.15 kPa (-30° to +50°C)
Measurement Rate 1 Hz

Ambient Temperature
Manufacturer BetaTherm 100K6A1IA
Total Accuracy ±0.15°C (-30° to +50°C)
EC100 ingress protection IP65

Compatibility

Please note: The following shows notable compatibility information. It is not a comprehensive list of all compatible products.

Dataloggers

Product Compatible Note
CR1000 (retired)
CR1000X
CR300
CR3000 (retired)
CR350
CR6
CR800 (retired)
CR850 (retired)

Downloads

EasyFlux DL for CR6OP v.2.01 (98.2 KB) 21-07-2022

CR6 datalogger program for Campbell open-path eddy-covariance systems.

View Revision History

EC100 OS v.8.02 (560 KB) 14-10-2019

EC100 Operating System.

Watch the Video Tutorial: Updating the EC100 Operating System.

View Revision History

ECMon v.1.6 (10.7 MB) 29-03-2016

EC100-Series Support Software.

Device Configuration Utility v.2.31 (47.0 MB) 18-12-2024

A software utility used to download operating systems and set up Campbell Scientific hardware. Also will update PakBus Graph and the Network Planner if they have been installed previously by another Campbell Scientific software package.

Supported Operating Systems:

Windows 11 or 10 (Both 32 and 64 bit)

View Revision History

Related FAQs

Number of FAQs related to IRGASON: 21

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  1. Why did Campbell Scientific start using molecular sieve? Does it have the same effect as the previously used chemicals?

    The molecular sieve has been demonstrated here by our engineering department to be effective at removing CO2 and H2O from the air sample. The change was made for two reasons:

    1. It was a safer alternative than using the previous chemicals.
    2. Increased shipping regulations for the chemicals limited the number of suppliers. 
  2. Which countries can the molecular sieve be shipped to?

    The molecular sieve is a non-hazardous material that can be shipped to any country.

  3. Can molecular sieve be used in the future to replace bottles for gas analyzers sold before July 2017?

    The molecular sieve is a direct replacement for the old magnesium perchlorate bottles. The molecular sieve may be used for any Campbell Scientific analyzer that used the old bottles.

  4. If getting a span gas is difficult, can the analyzer just be zeroed?

    For greatest accuracy, Campbell Scientific recommends that a zero and a span be done on the EC150 or IRGASON. However, if a span gas is difficult to obtain, at the minimum, perform a zero on the analyzer.  Performing a zero will correct the majority of drift experienced by the analyzer. Follow the zero procedure in the analyzer’s manual for details.

  5. To prepare the molecular sieve, how many grams are needed per bottle?

    The bottles of sieve for drop-in replacement contain the pellets and a membrane on top. The membrane is necessary to keep the pellets contained while allowing gas to pass over the zeolite. The bottle has the same footprint as the old magnesium perchlorate bottles. The amount in each bottle is listed on the bottle. The amount of sieve needed for each analyzer is the following:

    • The EC150 needs 22 g (drop-in bottle).
    • The IRGASON® needs 22 g (drop-in bottle).
    • The EC155 needs 22 g (drop-in bottle).
    • The AP200 needs 500 g (refill).
    • The 27423 needs 1000 g (refill).
    • The 31022 needs 500 g (refill).
  6. How often do the windows on the IRGASON or EC150 need to be cleaned?

    The factory calibration accounts for CO2 and H2O signal strengths down to 0.7. Therefore, to ensure quality data, windows should be cleaned before signal strengths drop below 0.7. 

  7. If the sonic temperature is reading a couple degrees different from the IRGASON or EC150 temperature probe, is that a problem?

    Differences between the sonic calculated temperature and the air temperature measured by a more traditional sensor do not necessarily indicate a problem. Sonic anemometers, because of their high sensitivities to sonic geometry and transducer response time, do not typically measure absolute temperature as accurately as traditional temperature probes. Even very small changes in geometry can lead to errors in sonic temperature because sonic temperature is proportional to the square of any error in the distance between sonic transducers. As an example, a change of only 200 micrometers in sonic path length at room temperature yields a 1°C change in measured sonic temperature.

    Even though sonic anemometers are generally not recommended for measuring absolute temperature, they excel at measuring fast temperature fluctuations, which are needed for eddy-covariance calculations (sensible heat flux). Furthermore, the error in sonic temperature in most cases can be regarded as an offset after sonic temperature has been corrected for humidity, and therefore, it will not have an effect on the covariance calculation.  Nevertheless, if a user desires to calibrate the sonic temperature to account for this offset, this can be done using the temperature reading from a collocated temperature probe, such as the EC150 or IRGASON temperature probe.  

  8. When should the enhanced barometer be selected over the basic barometer for the EC150 or IRGASON?

    Selecting which barometer to use is the choice of the user. There is a direct correlation between the accuracy level of the barometer and its cost.

    • The basic barometer has an accuracy of ±1.5 kPa between 0° and 50°C.  Below 0°, the error increases linearly to ±3.7 kPa at -30°C.
    • The enhanced barometer offers an accuracy of ±0.15 kPa (-30° to +50°C).

    When choosing a barometer, consider the effect of pressure accuracy on flux calculations. For sensible heat flux, the barometric pressure is used to calculate the density of air, which directly scales the sensible heat flux. Therefore, if the barometric pressure measurement is off by 1%, then the sensible heat flux will be off by 1%.

    For CO2 flux, the EC150 and IRGASON report CO2 as density. Thus, the barometric pressure is not used to directly calculate the flux. However, error in pressure measurements could cause an error in CO2 flux resulting from a CO2 span. During the span procedure, the user enters the “true CO2 value” as a CO2 concentration, which is later converted to density using the barometric pressure. Consequently, the error in CO2 measurements is directly proportional to the error in the barometric pressure measurement.

  9. Can a fine-wire thermocouple be used with the IRGASON or EC150?

    Yes. A fine-wire thermocouple, such as a FW05, can be used.

  10. What should the sensor height be for the IRGASON or EC150?

    The minimum height for the IRGASON or EC150 should be approximately 2 m. Sensor placement below that height may result in a significant loss in frequency response. The maximum height depends on the available upwind fetch or footprint area.  As a general guideline for unstable boundary layer conditions, the height of the sensor should be less than the distance from the sensor to the outermost edge of the footprint area divided by one hundred. For example, if there is 500 m of available upwind fetch, the IRGASON or EC150 should not exceed a height of 5 m.  Note that for neutral and stable conditions, the footprint area will grow.

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